Dynamic Range

In photography, a measure of how much contrast a film or digital sensor can provide in the same frame. sample; The dynamic range of the human eye is very high, on a sunny day we can clearly distinguish the shapes of the clouds and simultaneously notice our friend inside a dark cave. There is a big difference in brightness between the brightest object that our eyes can choose and the darkest object. A film camera cannot do such a good job, so if we are going to take a photo of the clouds, the cave will be black in the same frame, if we take the photo of the cave, the clouds will be completely white in the same frame, and the details cannot be selected. It can be sorted like eye > film > digital sensor.

In music industry is the ratio between the maximum sound level and the minimum sound level that a musical instrument, speaker or any sound generator can produce. The dynamic range is used not only in the formation of the sound, but also in the perception of the sound. For example, our ear or a microphone also has a dynamic range between the highest and lowest detection levels.
Dynamic range measurements are made in audio equipment to establish the ratio between the maximum output signal and the noise floor. The unit of this ratio is decibel (denoted as dB).
For example, the dynamic range of the human sensing system is the ratio of the lowest and highest sound levels we can detect, and this is around 120dB.
Compressor, expander and noise gates are devices used to change the dynamic field of the given signal.
If we make an example dynamic area calculation: The ceiling voltage of a device is 5V (rms) and the noise floor (noise floor) is 10uV (rms), the dynamic range is expressed as 500000:1, or 114 dB.

The dB representation is calculated as follows:

20 \times \log_{10} \left(\frac{5V}{10 \mu V}\right) = 20 \times \log_{10}(500000) = 20 \times 5.7 = 114 \,\mathrm{dB }