Encode
The literal meaning of the term encode is known as encoding, encoding. The term encode is used in the field of software and informatics, as well as in daily life and military fields.
What does Encode do?
Encode is used in the field of cyber security to convert a data into a different format by using different encryption techniques in order to prevent it from being read by third parties during transmission to the receiver. This process is called encoding. A process called decoding must be applied to convert the changed data back to its original state.
There are different techniques to perform the encoding process.
Encode Techniques
BASE64
It is the most common method used to convert binary data to text. In this method, binary data consisting of 8-bit bytes is first divided into 6 parts and then encrypted.
The number of bytes in the text to be base64 should always be a multiple of three. If the number of bytes is not a multiple of three, pedding (adding the '=' sign) is performed until the number of bytes is a multiple of three.
The most frequently used area of Base64 Encoding is electronic mail (e-mail) services.
MD5
Message-Digest Algorithm: Message Compilation Algorithm is a hash function that can be used to assist encryption algorithms. It produces 123-bit output regardless of the size of the input data.
As with most hash functions, the md5 algorithm does not contain an encryption algorithm. It is used to check whether the data has been transferred correctly or whether it has been opened before.
Although Md5 is designed as a cryptographic special function, it has extensive security vulnerabilities. For this reason, it is used to check that data integrity is provided. It can be cracked with brute force attacks.
URL ENCODE
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) ie web page addresses can only consist of ACII characters. Sometimes in web browsers, we may encounter characters that do not consist of ASCII characters or that may be confused with the address. Url encoders are used in such cases. A method called percentage encoding is used in the Url encode technique. According to this method, the ACII value of the character following the '%' sign is written in the 16-digit system.
SHA-2 ENCODE
The Sha-2 was designed by the NSA (National Security Agency). Sha-2 is a cryptographic hash set. Summary functions are used to check whether the integrity of the data is ensured. For example, by looking at the hash value of a loaded file, we can understand whether a change has been made to the file. For this we calculate the hash value of the uploaded file and compare it with the declared value. If the calculated value is the same as the declared value, the integrity of the file is intact.
ROT13
It is one of the simplest encryption methods. It is a special case of the Caesar cipher. It has a simple logic in which a letter in the alphabet is replaced by the 13th letter that follows it. It does not provide any security from a cryptographic point of view. For this reason, it is one of the examples of weak encryption. For alphabets consisting of 26 letters, such as the English alphabet, the same process is applied to restore the ciphertext.
MORSE
In Morse code, every text is transmitted in a series of on-off modes, light or sound. There are two different types of transmission, long and short. It takes its name from the inventor of the telegraph, Samuel FB Morse.
VIGENERE
It is a kind of polyalphabetic (multi-alphabetic) encryption method. Although it is a primitive method, it has a strong structure. The fact that it has a multi-alphabet structure and the cipher is applied to letter blocks are the reasons for its strength. It uses the key structure to encrypt the data. The Vigenere code was introduced in 1586 by the French diplomat Blaise de Vigenere in his book "Traite des Chiffres". Part of this code, which was unbreakable until the mid-1900s, was cracked by Charles Babbage in 1954.